คำกริยาช่วย 24 ตัว

กริยาช่วย	รูปปฎิเสธ	คำย่อ
is	is not	isn't
am	am not	-
are	are not	aren't
was	was not	wasn't
were	were not	weren't
do	do not	don't
does	does not	doesn't
did	did not	didn't
has	has not	hasn't
have	have not	haven't
had	had not	hadn't
can	can not	can't
could	could not	couldn't
may	may not	mayn't
might	might not	mightn't
will	will not	won't
would	would not	wouldn't
shall	shall not	shan't
should	should not	shouldn't
must	must not	mustn't
need	need not	needn't
dare	dare not	daren't
ought	ought not	oughtn't
used to	used not to	usedn't to

ความแตกต่างของ Will กับ Would

I'll help you pack when you're ready to go. (I'll help. I promise to help. I have the firm intention of helping. No particular preconditions need to be fulfilled.)ฉันจะช่วยให้คุณแพ็คของเมื่อคุณพร้อมที่จะไป. (เหตุการณ์นี้เงื่อนไขไม่แน่นอนเสมอไปเพราะอาจจะช่วยแพ็คของแม้ยังไม่พร้อม)

I would help you pack if you paid me $100. (I don't help except when the condition of payment is met. No true promise is made.)
I would help you pack if you paid me $100. (I don't help except when the condition of payment is met. No true promise is made.) ฉันจะแพ็คของให้คุณถ้าคุณชำระเงินให้ฉัน $ 100. (เหตุการณ์นี้เป็นเงื่อนไขที่ชัดเจนตายตัวถ้าไม่ชำระเงินก็จะไม่มีการแพ็คของให้)

โครงสร้าง 12 Tense

โครงสร้าง 12 Tense (Active Voice)

Present

Simple = S + V.1

Continuous = S + is, am, are + V.1 ing

Perfect =S + have, has + V.3

Perfect Conti. =S + have, has + been + V. 1 ing

Past

Simple = S + V. 2

Continuous = S + was, were + V.1 ing

Perfect = S + had + V.3

Perfect Conti =. S + had + been + V.1 ing

Future

Simple = S + will, shall + V.1

Continuous = S + will, shall + be + V.1 ing

Perfect = S + will, shall +have, has + V.3

Perfect Conti. = S + will, shall +have, has + been + V.1 ing …

โครงสร้าง 12 Tense (Passive Voice)

Present

Simple = S + is, am, are + V.3 + by

Continuous = S + is, am, are + being + V.3 + by

Perfect = S + have, has + been + V.3 + by

Perfect Conti. = S + have, has + been + being + V.3 + by

Past

Simple = S + was, were + V.3 + by

Continuous = S + was, were + being + V.3 + by

Perfect = S + had + been + V.3 + by

Perfect Conti. = S + had + been + being + V.3 + by

Future

Simple = S + will, shall + be + V.3 + by

Continuous = S + will, shall + be + being + V.3 + by

Perfect = S + will, shall + have + been + V.3 + by

Perfect Conti. = S + will, shall + have + been + being + V.3 + by

Programming Languages

ภาษาที่ใช้ในการเขียนและพัฒนาโปรแกรมในปัจจุบันมีตัวหลักๆ ดังนี้

กลุ่ม Procedural languages
- BASIC
- C
- COBOL
- FORTRAN
- PASCAL
กลุ่ม Object-oriented languages
- Smalltalk
- AVA
- C++
- Python
- Ruby
กลุ่ม Visual programming
- Visual Basic
- Visual FoxPro
- Visual C++
กลุ่ม Internet Programming
- HTML
- XML
- VRML
- Java
- ActiveX